Shock-absorber.



D. F. OLIVER,

SHUCK ABSORBER. APPLrcmoN min 11116.20. 1914. RENEWED Aue. 18.1911.

1,260,018. muted Mar. 19,1918.

44 l 3f 31s DOCTOR FRAN KIIIN OLIVER, F 0A QF SAID DOCTO Application tiled August 20, 1914, Serial No. 857.688.

To all 'wiom t may concern Be i t OLIVER known that a citizen ofthe resident of O akland moda and State of (aliioi-ii certain new and useful Improvements in a specification.

My invention rel ing jars and shocks jects thereof is to not only resists the shock inverse further object which are :iori sistiiig elements being tion by Sudd i normal, iiniinpeded, ino

upon eachV other;

nitting a the parts 1s to provide uponthe tendency of lprovide si ly to the nally non-i only en Jars or sho such devices remain in a state of inert effort to overcome ject is to employ tl elastic material in suits; and further devices which a and installation, posed of few par order to require uses, and compa My invention such incr objects ai re simple positive is fully des lowing specilicationA` of w pan ying,l dra wings forni a 1 reference eliara like parts in each of th w h i ch Figure l is a ce eters are u taken through one form o the principles of my i Fig. 2 is a a pair ol' simi 3 is a perspective, plunger which I employ,

F ig.

tion.

of Fig` 5.

ln Figs. l one forni of erspeotive, ar eleinents Fig. 4 ,is an elevation of proyided with n 1. DOCTOR l" United States. and a in the county of Alaioclcs but which ie principle of a wc producing the desi detached iy invention, in lock absorber;

ENT OFFICE.

VER, DECEASED.

SHOCKABSORBER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

ia, have invented sites to means l'or resistand one ot the main ohich devices o hich yield to force thereof; a

is to provide such devices 'lisis-tant, the rehrought into :ieclis, thereby pervement of a further object which are based stationary objects to ia, and resisting tia; a further obdge of red ree to provide such in construction in action, conits not likely to get out of repair, ad rativcly inexpensive.

aptable to many crihed in the iiolhich the accomart, in which like sed to designato c views, and in ntral., longitudinal section f eiiihodiinent 0f nveiilion; detached, view of which I employ; view of a,

nd partly in seca vehicle spring position for a view, similar to Fig. 1, but

modification in thereover; and l Fig. (l is a section taken to 4, inclusive, mp in ention e structural details on the line I have illustrated omprising a shell elined siirl-ices' is i Patented Mar. 19, 1918. Renewed August 18, 1917. Serial No4 186,923.

or easing T, preferalily angular in cross-section, square :is4 shoiiii, eloseo :il ont` end and forming a point S. and provided with a removable cap il :it the opposite end having an angular opening therethrough for the pas` sage ol' a plunger ,1U inclined al its forward end on opposite sn 'faces, ll and 12, forming shoulders 1li, lo the rear thereof, and 14 to the forward portion 15 thereof, and said plunger l0 is centrally :ind longitudinali)7 hored to receive a rod lt having a'n enlarged head1? and a spring,r 1S thereon interposed lietn'een said head and the end l5 of the plunger.

.\rrane'ed opposite to each other within the casing 7 are tivo similar l'riction elements comprising,y each, a niain plate 1f) hearing against the eori'espoiiding inner wall of the casing', and lient into a loop 20 t0 form a rearward directed plate ill in turn bent toward the center ot' the casing to forni a perpendicular flange :22 haring a groove 23 therein ot' a width eoiialing' the diameter of the plunger 1U which slides therein, in cach of the elements, said flanges, however, being close together lit-rohr the space formed hy the rooves 22% is niiieh narrower than the lengt is of said ygrooves, the dis-v taiicehetliveen the bottoms ol' said e'rooves approximately equaling the thickness of said plunger iii the positions of the wedge snrfaces ll and l. where llie)Y inosl nearlg.Y apy other, .said elenieiils heilig n e' inelai so that the en preach each `gil fielornied ol.' spii nient of lhisaine with said wedge or in nsnred :it all linies` and each of said elements is also provided with ii perpendicular ineniher Q4 fitting into :i iecess .'5 in the other eleineiils, and jointly l'oruiing a passage lor lhe hodiY portion of the plunger whereby said elements are positioned r ith respect thereto.

s shown in Fie: l, the device is inonnted upon a. door 26 and isadapted lo iinpinge on :i striking-philo 27 on the door vl'ranie BR `in the aclioii oi the door spring. noi` shown, to close the loor;)\'hen the plunger l() strikes lhe plaie 27, said plunger is forced inwardly at a speed determined h v the {'oree of the. iinpact and, if this he light, the elements move freely with the plunger and `without iin e cel. on the foiiiiei` but, if the impact be sharp, the normal .'l'rictioi'ial contact of the plate portions 19 of said elemenls tend to hold the said elements stationary, with the 110 result that the wedge formed by the iuclined surfaces 11 and 12 moves forwardly between the said elements and forces the same apart, but against the resiliency of the metal of which they are composed, and the plates 19 bind against the corresponding walls of the casing and the door is abruptly stopped; upon continued pressure of the door, however, the inertia of the said elcments is overcome, as well as the friction between the same and the walls of the casing, and the elements move with the plunger to permit the closure of the door.

In the backward plunger n'iovenuint, upon the release thereof in the opening of the door, the frictional rip between said elements and casin walls is broken by reason of the fact that t le inclined plunger surfaces 11 and 12 move from between the elements thus relieving the same ofthe wedging etiect, and said elements move freely with the plunger as it resumes normal position due to the spring 18, ready for another actuation.

The above result is rendered possible by reason of the factthat the spring resistance of the elements plates 21 is less than the inertia of the elements plus frictional contact with the casing Walls, and the plunger wedge increases this frictional contact but, as the casing interior is smooth, as are also the element plates 19, pressure eventually prevails and the elements move with the plunger, but at a speed in inverse ratio to the force of the impact and continued pressure, or, in other words, at a speed determined bythe distan "e which the wedge of the plunger had moved between the elements previous to overcomin the inertia and frictional resistance o the latter.

In Fig. f1 I have shown the device attached to the upper member 29 of an elliptical spring, with the longer downwardly directed and adapte to strike a plate 30 on the member 31 of said spring, and the relationship of the parts of my device, when used as an automobile shock absorber, is such as to allen7 normal spring action for easy riding but to resist sudden jars or shocks due to road inequalities, stones, or other impacts, and, in this connection, it will be noted that my device differs from the shock absorbers now in use on automobiles in the fact that the latter are at all times resistant to movement of the parts thereof, but in varying degrees, whereas my device is non-resistant except under shock.

In Figs. 5 and 6 is shown a structural modification, although the same principles are involved, comprising a easing 3:2 closed at one end and having a detachable cap 33 at the op site end, and within which cap rests an internally threaded sleeve 34 adjustably mounted on the threaded portion 35 of a plunger 36, a lock-nut 37 being used to lock said sleeve and plunger together when a desired adjustment thereof with respect to each other has been effected.

The forward end of the plunger is formed into a head 3S, reduced neck 39, and conical portion 40, and said plunger is bored to receive a rod 41 having a head 42'and coil spring 43 thereon, in the manner described; within the casing 32, incirclin the plunger, are a plurality of frictional e ements 44, of elastic material G as shown in Fig. 6, normally resting against the interior of the casing 32, cylindrical in this form, and collectively forming a borer divided into three mrts, l5, Li6, and 47, of which the frt and ast are parallel with th-e plunger'proper and olg an internal diameter permitting free movement of said plunger, whereas the part lo is conical and inclined in the direction and in the degree of thc conical portion 40 of the plunger, and it will be seen that precisely the same results follow sudden shock on the plungers outer end as already described at length with reference to the form shown in Fig. l, the elements 44 bein free to move outward] independently o each other but heilig co lcctively moved longitudinally of the casing 32.

It will thus be seen that I rovide a device which normally is not breng it into action in the movement of an auto body' with respect to its running rearl, but which positively resists shocks, and, immediately after the impact of such shock on the device, gradually yields to continued pressure, the speed of such yielding being determined by the force of the' shock,

While I have illustrated two forms'of a plication of the principles involved,`it will be evident that I am not limited thereto, but may make many changes thereover, within 'the scope of the following claims, without departing from the spirit of my invention, or sacrificing its advantages.

Havin fully d escribed my ii what I c aim as new, and desire to se. Letters Patent, iS:-

1. A` device of the class described, com prising a easing, a tapered plunger movable therein, and resilient elements interposed between the'tapered ortion of said plunger and said casing, sai elements ielding under sudden forward movement o said plunger in the degree of the resiliency thereof and binding on the inner walls of said casing in the degree of resistance of resiliency.

2. A device of prisiug a casing, a tapered, plunger movable therein, and resilient elements interposed between the tapered portion of said plunger and said casing, said elements yielding under sudden forward movementof said plunger in the degreeof the resilience thcreofto b ind on the inner wall-s of said casing, and retiirning to'norrnal'` positions through said ation, -e by the class described, com

resiliency under steady forward movement of said plunger.

3. A device of the cla described, comprising a casing, a tapered plunger movable herein, a looped sheet metal plate bearing against said casing on each side of said plunger, the looped portion thereof bearing against the respective side of the tapered portion of said plunger.

4. A device of the class described, comrising a casing, a tapered plunger movable herein, and provided with a shoulder ut the base of said tapered portion, a looped sheet metal plate bearing against said casing, the looped portion thereof bearing against the respective side of said lunger, and means or engagement with said shoulder to limit the plunger movement with respect to said plates.

5. A device of the class described, comprising a casing, u tapered plunger movable therein, and elements interposed between the tapered portion ot' said plunger und said easing, seid elements being of resilient nature :ind resisting steady pressure of said plunger to prevent binding of saidl elements with said easing, and the pitch of said tapered portion being sufficiently sharp to prevent nomini yielding of said elements, whereby seid plunger und elements are freely movable in smid using under steady plunger pressure, but bind with respect to said casing' under plunger shocks,

In tes-limon)v when-cot' l have signed iny nume to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

DOCTOR FRANKLIN OLIVER.

Witnesses:

MARIE GREEK, C. SCHWENK. 

